Suggested Level of Knowlege: Detailed

LOs

BT_GS 1.29 Describe the physical properties of sedative/hypnotic agents, including:

· Formulation

· Properties of an ideal agent

· Structure-activity relationships

BT_GS 1.30 Describe and compare the pharmacokinetics of intravenous induction and sedative agents, the factors which affect recovery from intravenous anaesthesia and the clinical implications of these differences

BT_GS 1.31 Describe and compare the pharmacodynamics of intravenous induction and sedative agents and in particular the effects on the cardiovascular, respiratory and central nervous systems

BT_GS 1.32 Describe the adverse effects of individual induction, sedative and premedicant agents

BT_GS 1.46 Discuss factors influencing choice of agents for:

· Sedation

· Induction and maintenance of anaesthesia

· Muscle relaxation

BT_PO 1.58 Describe the pharmacology of anti-hypertensive agents and their clinical application, including the following agents:

clonidine

alpha-methyl dopa

alpha and beta blockers

nitric oxide

sodium nitroprusside and

glyceryl trinitrate

calcium antagonists

ACE inhibitors and

angiotensin receptor antagonists

hydralazine and the

potassium channel activators.

SS_PA 1.54 Describe the pharmacology of agents used for premedication in children, including midazolam, clonidine and ketamine

Past SAQs

2011.1 Describe the ideal properties of agents used for sedation using two examples

2008.2 List the anaesthetic related uses of clonidine. What are the effects of clonidine on the cardiovascular and central nervous system and how are these effects mediated.

2003.2 List the potential clinical uses of an alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist and outline the limitations of clonidine for each.

1999.1 Describe the effects of the alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists relevant to anaesthesia.

References

Alpha 2 Agonists