Suggested Level of Knowlege: Detailed

LOs

BT_PM 1.9 Describe the pharmacology of the following agents applicable to pain management, including:

· Opioids

· Tramadol

· Local anaesthetic agents (also refer to the Regional and local anaesthesia clinical fundamental)

· NSAIDs

· Paracetamol

· NMDA antagonists

· Anticonvulsants

· Antidepressants

· Corticosteroids

· Inhalational analgesics - nitrous oxide, methoxyflurane

BT_RA 1.3 Discuss the pharmacology of local anaesthetic agents including:

· Mechanisms of action

· Comparative pharmacology of different agents

· Toxicity

· Use of adjuvant agents to enhance the quality or extend duration of block

· Pharmacokinetics of drugs administered in the epidural and subarachnoid space

Past SAQs

2005.2 Write brief notes on the physico-chemical properties of lidocaine (lignocaine).

2004.2 Write a brief description of the pharmacology of ropivacaine.

2004.1, 2000.1 Briefly describe the factors that determine skin penetration by local anaesthetics. Briefly describe the forumulation and pharmacology of EMLA® cream.

2001.2 Describe the required pharmacological characteristics of local anaesthetic formulations intended for topical use.

LA: General Pharmacology